国产亚洲第一伦理第一区

   生(sheng)產和生(sheng)活(huo)最常見的(de)鉛蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可將電(dian)(dian)能通過化學反應儲藏起來，到另一(yi)個(ge)場合或另一(yi)時(shi)段使(shi)用。鉛蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)雖然造價較低，但也(ye)有相應的(de)弱(ruo)點(dian)，諸(zhu)如能量(liang)轉換(huan)效率(lv)較低、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)反復充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)易老化導致使(shi)用壽(shou)命短、比(bi)能量(liang)（Wh/kg）和比(bi)功率(lv)（W/kg）小(xiao)使(shi)設備笨重(zhong)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間長等；現在我(wo)們在手機上(shang)使(shi)用的(de)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，雖然也(ye)有許多優(you)點(dian)，但它價格昂貴且儲藏電(dian)(dian)能有限，不能在大功率(lv)場合下(xia)使(shi)用；所以正在開發(fa)研(yan)制的(de)超級電(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，相比(bi)較而言，就(jiu)有著一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)池(chi)無可比(bi)擬的(de)優(you)點(dian)，它的(de)前景不可限量(liang)。

    結構(gou)

    超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量比通(tong)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)大(da)(da)(da)得多。由于其容(rong)(rong)量很大(da)(da)(da)，對外表現和(he)電(dian)(dian)池相同，因此也稱作“電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)池”或(huo)說“黃金電(dian)(dian)池”。超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)池也屬于雙(shuang)(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi),它是目前世界上已投入量產的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)中(zhong)容(rong)(rong)量最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種,其基(ji)本原理和(he)其它種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)一(yi)樣,都是利用活性炭多孔電(dian)(dian)極和(he)電(dian)(dian)解質組(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)電(dian)(dian)層結構獲得超(chao)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量。

    傳統物理電(dian)容(rong)中(zhong)儲(chu)(chu)存的電(dian)能(neng)來源(yuan)于電(dian)荷在兩塊(kuai)(kuai)極板上的分離(li),兩塊(kuai)(kuai)極板之間(jian)為(wei)(wei)真空(kong)(相對介(jie)電(dian)常數為(wei)(wei)1)或一(yi)層介(jie)電(dian)物質(相對介(jie)電(dian)常數為(wei)(wei)ε)所(suo)(suo)隔離(li),電(dian)容(rong)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei):C = ε·A / 3.6 πd ·10-6 (μF) 其中(zhong)A為(wei)(wei)極板面積,d為(wei)(wei)介(jie)質厚度。所(suo)(suo)儲(chu)(chu)存的能(neng)量(liang)為(wei)(wei): E = C (ΔV)2/2，其中(zhong)C為(wei)(wei)電(dian)容(rong)值(zhi),ΔV為(wei)(wei)極板間(jian)的電(dian)壓降.可見,若(ruo)想獲得較大的電(dian)容(rong)量(liang),儲(chu)(chu)存更多的能(neng)量(liang),必須增大面積A或減少(shao)介(jie)質厚度d，但這個伸縮空(kong)間(jian)有限，導致(zhi)它的儲(chu)(chu)電(dian)量(liang)和儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)量(liang)較小。

    工作原理(li)

    雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)中,采(cai)用活性炭(tan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)制(zhi)作成(cheng)多(duo)(duo)孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji),同時(shi)在(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)對的(de)(de)(de)碳多(duo)(duo)孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)之間充填電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質溶液,當在(zai)兩端施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi),相(xiang)(xiang)對的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)聚集正負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子,而電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質溶液中的(de)(de)(de)正負(fu)離(li)子將(jiang)由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)作用分(fen)別(bie)(bie)聚集到與(yu)正負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板相(xiang)(xiang)對的(de)(de)(de)界面上(shang)(shang),從(cong)而形成(cheng)兩個(ge)(ge)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng),相(xiang)(xiang)當于兩個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)串(chuan)聯(lian),由于活性碳材(cai)(cai)料(liao)具(ju)有≥1200m2/g的(de)(de)(de)超(chao)高(gao)比(bi)表面積(即獲(huo)得(de)了極(ji)(ji)(ji)大的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)面積A),而且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液與(yu)多(duo)(duo)孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)界面距離(li)不(bu)到1nm(即獲(huo)得(de)了極(ji)(ji)(ji)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)介質厚度d),根據前(qian)面的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算公(gong)式(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)看出,這種雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)比(bi)傳統的(de)(de)(de)物理電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)值(zhi)要大很多(duo)(duo),比(bi)容(rong)(rong)量可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)100倍以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang), 從(cong)而使(shi)單位(wei)重量的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量可(ke)(ke)達100F/g，并且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)內阻還能保持在(zai)很低的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平，碳材(cai)(cai)料(liao)還具(ju)有成(cheng)本低，技術(shu)成(cheng)熟等優點。從(cong)而使(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)進行大電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能成(cheng)為可(ke)(ke)能，且(qie)在(zai)實際使(shi)用時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過串(chuan)聯(lian)或(huo)者并聯(lian)以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。